Interpreter converts spoken passages in one or more languages into one or more other languages. He/she interprets speech directly or from played-back recordings, utilising thorough knowledge of his/her mother-tongue and at least one foreign language. He/she may use shorthand to facilitate the interpretation of speeches and may make translations of articles and documents in writing. He/she usually specialises in a particular language or subject-matter and is designated accordingly. He/she may also interpret at court proceedings and be designated as Court interpreter.